Tuesday, 12 November 2024

Die Deutsche Wochenschau – Newsreel No. 593 – 14 January 1942


1. Germany.

 

Series: ‘What everyone should know’, about tobacco.

 

– Tobacco factory, production of cigarettes.

 

– Data on tobacco consumption in Germany in 1938-42.

 

– Map of tobacco plantations in the Balkans.

 

– Data on consumption of cigarettes and tobacco by Wehrmacht and civilian population.

 

Funeral in Berlin of a prominent figure in the defence industry, head of a well-known of a well-known German wheel rim company, Dr Borbett.

 

– At funeral ceremony attended by the Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions

 

– Fritz Todt, Reichsleiter Dr Ley, Reichsminister of Economics Walter Funk.

 

– Funk makes a mourning speech.

 

– Reichsminister Funk and Artillery General Emil von Leeb lay a wreath from the Fuhrer.

 

– Bowed banners.

 

Military factory, making machine guns.

 

– Workers in the shop for various operations.

 

– Assembly of machine guns.

 

The German people provide winter clothes and skis for the Eastern Front.

 

– The population is sent to the collection point.

 

– Sorting and repair of things at the collection point, their packaging.

 

– Warehouse collected things.

 

– Announcer on the success of the campaign “War Winter Relief’ 1941-42 years.

 

– Loading things in the wagons.

 

– The train is sent on the road.

 

– Train on the road.

 

– Unloading things from the wagon at the front.

 

– Lorries with things follow the location of German units.

 

– Arrival at the site, unloading things.

 

– At the clothing warehouse.

 

– Distribution of shoes and warm clothes soldiers.

 

– Soldiers try on ski boots, warm clothes.

 

2. USSR. Eastern Front.

 

Finnish front.

 

– Finnish soldiers on the march.

 

– The appearance of the Soviet fighter.

 

– A Finnish anti-aircraft gun opens fire.

 

– Finns in the area of the White Sea-Baltic Canal.

 

– Fragments of a firefight with Soviet troops.

 

– Finns in a populated area, street fighting.

 

– Transporting the wounded.

 

– Soviet prisoners of war.

 

3. Eastern Front.

 

Military operations in the area of Leningrad.

 

– Routine repair of vehicles in the repair shop.

 

– Blacksmith shop.

 

– Repair motorbike.

 

– Soldiers eat.

 

– Issuing fuel and lubricants and spare parts.

 

– Loading ammunition on the vehicle.

 

– The car goes on the road.

 

– Soviet prisoners of war at the logging, they are building protective fortifications against snow drifts.

 

– German horse cart on the road.

 

– Delivery of ammunition to the forward positions.

 

– They are unloading ammunition.

 

– Soldiers in the trench.

 

– Digging trenches.

 

– Making wire fences.

 

– German observers.

 

– The beginning of the shelling of Soviet positions, firing a German gun, mortar.

 

4. USSR. Central section of the Eastern Front.

 

Along the line Smolensk-Bryansk-Kursk.

 

– View of the estate of Leo Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana.

 

– The announcer says the Wehrmacht defence of the estate of the great writer.

 

– Military operations near Moscow.

 

– Digging trenches in the frozen ground.

 

– The construction of a dugout.

 

– Installation of guns.

 

– Shootout with Soviet troops.

 

– Burning Soviet tank.

 

– Burning house.

 

– The Germans on the streets of the burning village.

 

– Shot down Soviet tanks.

 

– Soviet prisoners.

 

– A German officer throws a cigarette butt, the prisoners pick it up.

 

5. USSR. Southern section of the eastern front.

 

Along the line Kremenchug-Stalin-Taganrog.

 

– Italian troops in the fighting.

 

– Fires a gun, a firefight with Soviet troops.

 

– Italian soldiers on the offensive in the bend of the Donets.

 

6. Africa North.

 

German and Italian troops are moving to new positions.

 

– German tanks and vehicles on a campaign in the desert.

 

– German soldiers at rest, some sleeping.

 

– German equipment.

 

– Soldiers at lunch.

 

– General Rommel awards German Colonel Schmidt.

 

– German aircraft trying to stop the attack of the Allied troops.

 

– Squadron in the air.

 

– Fragments of air combat with the Anglo-Americans.

 

– Shot down English aircraft.

 

– General Rommel monitors through binoculars over the course of the battle.

 

– German and Italian troops are fixed on new positions.

 

– German tanks. panorama of the desert.

 

– German gun, near him a combat calculation.

 

– Reflection of attacks of British tanks.

 

– Announcer about the continuation of heavy fighting in North Africa.

Saturday, 9 November 2024

The First 16 Blood Martyrs of the National Socialist Movement

 

At half-past twelve in the afternoon of November 9th, 1923, those whose names are given below fell in front of the Feldherrnhalle and in the forecourt of the former War Ministry in Munich for their loyal faith in the resurrection of their people:

 

Alfarth, Felix, Merchant, born July 5th, 1901

Bauriedl, Andreas, Hatmaker, born May 4th, 1879

Casella, Theodor, Bank Official, born August 8th, 1900

Ehrlich, Wilhelm, Bank Official, born August 19th, 1894

Faust, Martin, Bank Official, born January 27th, 1901

Hechenberger, Anton, Locksmith, born September 28th, 1902

Koerner, Oskar, Merchant, born January 4th, 1875

Kuhn, Karl, Head Waiter, born July 25th, 1897

Laforce, Karl, Student of Engineering, born October 28th, 1904

Neubauer, Kurt, Waiter, born March 27th, 1899

Pape, Claus von, Merchant, born August 16th, 1904

Pfordten, Theodor von der, Councillor to the Superior Provincial Court, born May 14th, 1873

Rickmers, Johann, retired Cavalry Captain, born May 7th, 1881

Scheubner-Richter, Max Erwin von, Dr. of Engineering, born January 9th, 1884

Stransky, Lorenz Ritter von, Engineer, born March 14th, 1899

Wolf, Wilhelm, Merchant, born October 19th, 1898

 

So-called national officials refused to allow the dead heroes a common burial. So I dedicate the first volume of this work to them as a common memorial, that the memory of those martyrs may be a permanent source of light for the followers of our Movement.

 

The Fortress, Landsberg am Lech,

October 16th, 1924

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler – Proclamation to the German Folk, 12 November 1944

 

November 12, 1944

 

National Socialists! Party Comrades!

 

The requirements for waging total war have compelled me to postpone the commemoration from November 9 to the next available Sunday. Likewise, work at the headquarters does not allow me to leave it even for a few days at this time. Besides, I regard it less as my task today to give speeches than to prepare and implement those measures that are necessary to force our way through this fight. After all, as in the time of crisis in the year 1923, I am today moved by only one dominating thought: now really to risk everything for the necessary success! And just as the dead comrades were rightly told ten years later that the victory was theirs in the end, so the victory must and will belong in the end to the fighting front and the no less heroically fighting homeland in the great struggle of to be or not to be.

 

In the past, I repeatedly pointed out that it is necessary for a nation to appreciate and honour its great men. Especially in grave times, a despairing nation can gather courage and strength for the present from its behaviour in the past. How much more does this apply to a nation that behaves as boundlessly bravely as the German one! It will be able to learn the only correct lesson for the present from the struggle of its great men, namely, that Providence in the end helps only him who does not despair and takes up the struggle against the adversities of the time and, therefore, in the end decides his own destiny.

 

Insofar as the Almighty opened our eyes in order to grant us insight into the laws of His rule, in accordance with the limited capabilities of us human beings, we recognize the incorruptible justice which gives life as a final reward only to those who are willing and ready to give a life for a life. Whether man agrees to or rejects this harsh law makes absolutely no difference. Man cannot change it; whoever tries to withdraw from this struggle for life does not erase the law but only the basis of his own existence.

 

As the National Socialist movement began its struggle to win over the German human beings, every insightful person realized the impending internal collapse of the Volk and nation. The inevitable consequence of this was an increasing threat to our national existence, a slow decline in our birthrates, together with a slow national death many times the number of the dead of the World War. After all, this corresponded to the objective of our enemies. By economic strangulation of the Reich, they intended to destroy the basis for the material existence of the German nation. Thereby, they hoped to realize Clemenceau’s demand for the reduction of the German Volk by twenty million people. The struggle of the years 1914 through 1918 cost two million people their lives, but there were twenty million that had to be taken out of our Volk according to the wishes of the democratic benefactors of mankind. Today, this demand has gone up to forty million. However, since it is not up to people themselves to stop backward movements in the life of a nation whenever there is a need for it, nobody could say when this process of shrinking the substance of our Volk would come to an end. In the same matter, another natural realization forces itself on us: the world does not know any empty spaces! Nations which are numerically or biologically too weak and no longer able satisfactorily to fill their Lebensraum will in the most favourable scenario be put on a reservation that corresponds to their value and size. Other life will flow into the now empty spaces. In accordance with Providence’s law, other nations-and, regrettably, often primitive races-will then take up the fight for existence in an area that an aging nation has lost due to cowardice and weakness, that is, unfitness for life. So, in the year 1919, we faced the realization that only a reform of our Volk from head to foot would in the long run enable it to resume successfully this struggle for existence. Only a complete turning away from the phraseology of the democratic corruption of nations and the Bolshevik destruction of nations could return to our Volk its natural vitality and thus secure the conditions for a successful defence of life in the future.

 

According to this realization, the National Socialist movement entered the fight. Confronted with these great objectives, the proletarian as well as the bourgeois state of classes had to pale in insignificance. What still appears as the ideal to the existing classes had, in the eyes of the young movement, already proven to be insanity, a deadly poison for our Volk. The intention to erect, for the first time in our history, a Volksstaat encompassing all Germans could be realized only by the mobilization of the entire strength of the nation. By so doing, the synthesis between nationalist and socialist ideas was best able to produce that strength necessary as a prerequisite for such a fight. The proclamation of the young nationalist and socialist Volksstaat immediately elicited the hatred of all those opponents at home and abroad who had represented the earlier system of Germany’s fragmentation and impotence: the parties, small parties, groups, ranks, professions, organizations, classes, and finally creeds as the main beneficiaries of the inner-German divisions, and abroad, the democratic-Marxist world hostile to us as the main party interested in Germany’s impotence. The hatred of this conspiracy of our enemies at home and abroad has since then loyally followed the movement throughout the years of fighting, before and after the seizure of power. It has persecuted us with the refinement and brutality of which that system was capable at the time. Since the march on the Feldherrnhalle, thousands of murdered National Socialists and tens of thousands of wounded have become the victims of this only true aggression.

 

Since the day of the seizure of power, the old enemies all the more refused to change. Instead, their hatred increased. At the most, they adapted their methods to the new situation. As the ultimate inspiring and driving force, Jewry has not allowed any opportunity to pass since the year 1933, as at the time of the struggle for power, in order to express its satanic will to persecute and destroy this new concept of a state as such and its young state. It regarded them as the first dawn of a general realization of its destructive work against the nations and as an eminent danger. Perhaps times have changed, but the essence of the fight forced on us has remained the same. What has remained is, first, our own objective: the preservation of our Volk and the securing of its future by all means; and, second, the objective of our enemies: the annihilation of our Volk, its extermination, and the ending of its existence.

 

That this was not nor is it now a slogan of National Socialist propaganda was proved by the fact of Germany’s decline at home and, today, is proved by the proclamations of our enemies. No National Socialist propaganda minister could put the objectives of our enemies more plainly than the Jewish press has done for decades and does so in particular today. Beyond this, the enemy statesmen above all do this publicly through their ministers. The objective of our enemies has likewise remained the same. Promoted by the democracies, Bolshevism at one time tried to destroy our movement by terror at home.

 

Supported by the democracies, the Soviet Union strives to destroy the Reich and exterminate our Volk. That the bourgeois world, which at the time consciously or unconsciously acted as the accomplice of Bolshevism at home, was struck with blindness by God and headed for its own downfall does not change its behaviour. The fact that today’s democracies would be dead with the victory of Bolshevism, which would smash the democratic states with all their ideas against a wall, does not change the reality of their present procedure. You can explain the incomprehensible absurdity of their actions at the moment you realize that the Jew is always behind the stupidity and weakness of man, his lack of character on the one hand, and his deficiencies on the other. The Jew is the wire-puller in the democracies, as well as the creator and driving force of the Bolshevik international beast of the world (Weltbestie).

 

Even before National Socialism, many at home already had an idea of this danger. However, an effective fight against it only began after this anaemic insight became a confession of flesh and blood, which found an organization of combat strength in the National Socialist Party. An understanding of the necessity of rescuing Europe from the Bolshevik monster today also exists on the part of numerous foreign statesmen, parliamentarians, party politicians, and economists. This understanding will only lead to a practical result if a strong European power manages [to succeed], beyond these theoretical hopes, in successfully organizing and fighting through this common struggle of life and death of all. Only the National Socialist German Reich can and will do this.

 

Almost always, Europe consisted of a multitude of competing nations and states. In spite of this, Europe most of the time meant just one state or a community of related nations. There was certainly a great advantage in the eternal conflict among the European nations. Like any competition, it challenged the fitness and striking power of the individual nations. However, in times of fateful struggle of life and death for all, there was the great danger of a dissipation of the forces of this continent confronted with the impending attack of the Central Asian east, this eternally latent danger to Europe. In long periods of European history, the thesis of the European balance of power was all too often regarded by the obtuse west as a licence for allying itself with the impending danger, contrary to the commandment of European solidarity, in order more easily to strangle one unpleasant competitor or another. For centuries, the old Reich was forced to wage its fight against Mongols and Turks alone, or with a few allies, in order to spare Europe a fate whose consequences would have been as unthinkable as realizing a Bolshevization would be today.

 

Even though this struggle in the past centuries was accompanied by many setbacks and demanded the greatest sacrifices of our Volk, it led to success in the end. It alone made possible the development and existence, as well as the prosperity, of the European family of nations. Besides, in confrontations of world-historical impact, it is not likely that the outcome of the fight should be decided in months or years, but rather over long periods, with perseverance. In these periods, divine Providence has men line up to try them for what they are worth. It thereby decides whether they deserve life or death. That our National Socialist state will today pass this historic trial is already guaranteed by the stand of our movement up to now. Which bourgeois party would have been able to survive the collapse of November 9, 1923? Which party would have been capable, following such a complete collapse, of reaching a total victory by an unprecedentedly hard fight? Even though this fight may today appear to the superficial observer to have been minimal compared with the present events, this only reveals his failure to understand decisive values. After all, the struggle for the movement at the time was just as much a fight for Germany as the fight of the present Reich is today. It was a fight for our Volk and its future, which had first to be decided at home before it could face our foreign enemies’ will to exterminate us. How hopeless the fight of the party appeared to our adversaries was revealed by their statements that, following November 9, 1923, National Socialism could be regarded as dead and, herewith, the danger for the enemies of our Volk as eliminated. In spite of this, only a few years later, this party, which was thought to have been eliminated at the time, stood in the midst of the decisive struggle for power. For nearly a decade, it waged this fight by the reckless deployment of numerous men and women, suffered only passing setbacks, and brought it to a victorious conclusion in the end. During this time, the movement developed its mental attitude. It has proved that it is today capable of leading the nation and having the Reich lead Europe. And just as we witnessed at the time that the whole world of the bourgeois democratic party, corrupted by its compromises and cowardly renunciations, slowly began to fall apart on its own, and then finally to die, we today observe the same drama on a large scale.

 

Nations and, above all, their statesmen, generals, and soldiers always find it easy to tolerate days of happiness and visible successes. What is remarkable about the great men of world history, as well as nations destined for great things, is their steadfastness in days of trouble, their confidence at times when their situation appears hopeless, their defiance and courage when they suffer setbacks. As National Socialists, we were always happy about the short or long periods of prosecution in our fight, because they rid the party of all that light ballast: fellow travellers who surely would have boasted the loudest on the day of victory. Likewise, in this mightiest struggle of nations of all time, we see those elements desert us that are cowardly and unfit for life. That monarchs lose their courage, in complete ignorance of their position, which today can only be regarded as prehistoric, and that they thereby become traitors is the result of their mental and moral incapacity produced by centuries of inbreeding. At such times, nations need leaders different from these dynasties that have become ill and morbid. That even so-called statesmen and generals are deluded by the view that such a confrontation of life and death, and its impact on world history, can be decided in their favour by cowardly capitulation likewise only proves the experience of the ages that not too many great men live at the same time. Wherever such a capitulation took place, or was considered, or may be considered today, the result will not be a cheap slipping away from this crisis with its impact on world history, but the inevitable and certain extermination of the nations in question and the annihilation of its leading men.

 

After all, a first consequence of this will be Bolshevik chaos and civil war in the interior of these states. Second, there will be an extradition of the so-called war criminals, in other words, first the most valuable men, then endless columns of men who will set out for the Siberian tundra to fade away, all a result of the weakness of the leaders of their states. Even though from the beginning the consequences of these betrayals have, from a military point of view, been very grave for Germany as the bearer of the main burden in this war, they have not succeeded, neither in unbending the structure of the Reich nor in eliminating its spirit of resistance. On the contrary, the nation hardened in its willingness to fight and became all the more fanatical.

 

We are happy that in a number of the nations which have shown signs of decay a number of elements of resistance could be found: in Italy, they gather around the creator of the new state, the Duce Benito Mussolini; in Hungary, around Szalasi; in Slovakia, around the leadership of state president Tiso; in Croatia, around the Poglavnik Ante Pavelich. All these men are the leaders of young nations.

 

We know that committees and governments were likewise formed by other nations that have decided not to recognize the capitulation and not to accept the extermination of nations simply because a few spineless weaklings failed their honor and sense of duty, or because some blockheads allowed themselves to be deluded by opportunities in which they themselves no longer believe today. From the first day, our greatest ally, Japan, recognized this fight for what it is: a decisive confrontation of life and death. From this day on, it waged it with the bravery of a true nation of heroes.

 

My party comrades! Volksgenossen! Since the breakthrough of the Russians at the Romanian Don front in November 1942, since the ensuing complete disintegration of the Italian and Hungarian units with all its terrible consequences for our waging of the war, betrayal after betrayal hit our Volk hard. In spite of this, the hopes of our enemies were not realized. Again and again, we managed to cushion our fronts and halt the enemies. Only one hope remained for them: the stab in the back. As always when they are otherwise unable to succeed against Germany, they try to bring about a decision by stabbing us in the back from the inside. Spineless creatures, a mixture of feudal arrogance, bourgeois deficiency, and former parliamentary corruption came together-in the hope that they would immediately receive a reward for this act of perjury (Meineidstat)-in order to cut the German resistance off at its root.

 

They were right in one respect: as long as I live, Germany will not submit to the fate of the European states swept away by Bolshevism; as long as I have not breathed my last breath, my body and soul will serve only one goal: to make my Volk strong in the defence, for the attack on the deadly danger threatening it.

 

While wars used to be fought out of dynastic or economic interests, the war we are fighting today is a fight for the preservation of our Volk itself.

 

Therefore, all the sacrifices in this war will lead, as a logical consequence, to the strengthening of the German Volksstaat. If some outdated individuals are offended by this, I cannot help them. The Volksstaat will pass over them and resume its agenda. If individual subjects of outdated parties, classes, or other splinters in our Volk think that the time has come for their resurrection, they will face their total extermination at exactly this moment. The day after the seizure of power, National Socialism, which was the victim of bloody persecution before, treated its political opponents not only in a conciliatory manner, but generously. Countless men who once persecuted me received pensions from me in this state, or were appointed to new and higher offices: the justice minister of a land where I spent thirteen months locked up in a fortress was nonetheless appointed German Reich minister of justice by me. Prussian ministers and Reich ministers who earlier were our cruellest persecutors received from me high pensions of charity although I was not obliged to do so.

 

I felt that it was beneath me to subject Social Democrats to hardship, just because they had opposed me as ministers. Judges who had sentenced us were not hindered in their careers because of this and often were even promoted.

 

Only those who threw down the gauntlet to the new state in word and deed were treated by it according to the law. Through the manner in which I took over power, I have moreover made it easy for every German, especially every state official and officer, to do his duty without throwing them into an inner conflict. For over a year and a half, the departed Reich president was my superior and was accordingly treated by me with admiration and great respect.

 

Whoever now believes that he can throw others into inner conflicts, without ever having been forced into one by me, should know that this means his end is dead certain. As long as these people only persecuted me, I was able to magnanimously ignore and forget about this persecution. Today, however, whoever raises the sword or bomb against Germany will be ruthlessly and mercilessly annihilated. A few hours sufficed in order to suffocate the attempted putsch of July 20. It took only a few months to round up and completely eliminate this coterie of dishonourable Catilinarian characters.

 

Just as I took the occasion to cleanse the movement in the year 1934, after the revolt of a small group within, this new revolt likewise started a thorough overhaul of the entire state apparatus. The time for compromises and reservations is over for good. These days the Reich war flag becomes the regimental flag of the German Wehrmacht, as a symbol of the National Socialist idea of revolution and state. The German salute is now in use in the Wehrmacht. The Volk grenadier division and the German youth will help the National Socialist world of thought achieve a completely victorious breakthrough. What most profoundly moved and rejoiced me after the events of July 20 was the realization that the army, the navy, and the Luftwaffe as a whole-the Waffen SS need not be considered here-had already adopted the National Socialist spirit, even though this was regrettably not outwardly visible before, so that hardly anything remained to be done other than to expel the unworthy from party, state, and Wehrmacht in order to bring about a complete agreement of opinions and will in party, Volk, state, and Wehrmacht.

 

In spite of this, the consequences of this day were bitter. In a fit of hope, our enemies gathered their entire strength, filled with the belief that shortly they would be able to overrun Germany. That they have not succeeded in this, I owe to the brave behaviour of the Wehrmacht and, above all, the brave behaviour of the German homeland, which is most worthy of praise. The response to the appeal for the expansion of the Reich’s defence and the Volkssturm was only a symbol of the increasingly evidenced German Volksgemeinschaft in this fateful struggle for the future of the nation. Thus, next to the old grenadiers of the army, the soldiers of the navy and Luftwaffe, the soldiers of the homeland step up in complete equality of rank; not only its men, old men, and boys, but also its women and girls. As I consider the total sum of all the unspeakable sacrifices that our Volk makes today, all the suffering that the millions in our cities must bear, the sweat of our men and women laborers, and our people in the countryside, I would like to ask the criminals of July 20 only one question: with what right can you demand these sacrifices if you do not have the sacred resolve, before your conscience, to strengthen the Volksstaat at the end of this fight, develop it ever the more, so that this greatest epoch of our Volk culminates in the birth of a Reich that not only encompasses all Germans at the outside but also makes them happy at home? By fighting for the National Socialist German Volksstaat, I give the only possible moral and ethical meaning to this greatest struggle in our history.

 

Whoever thinks of the interests only of his class at such an hour, acts not only as a criminal but also as an insane egotist. He must be insane because it takes incredible narrow-mindedness to imagine that you can rally a nation for a fight of life and death for over half a decade on behalf of a medieval feudal state.

 

My party comrades! As the year 1923 ended I wrote Mein Kampf in prison.

 

I incessantly had in mind the realization of the National Socialist Volksstaat.

 

For years after the seizure of power, we fought for this idea and worked for it.

 

Rage and envy filled our enemies in view of the accomplishments in all areas of our economic and social life, the increasing culture and satisfaction of our classes. If so-called social plans for the future are today published in other countries, then this is only a pale imitation of what National Socialist Germany has already achieved. So today I can only again pledge the continuation of this work. As an old National Socialist, I will not waver in this fight for one second in the fulfilment of the duties incumbent upon me. I did not choose this duty.

 

Providence imposes it on every German: to do everything and not to neglect anything that can secure the future of our Volk and make its existence possible.

 

We will respond to the most severe blows of fortune with a defiant fury, incessantly filled with the conviction that Providence often loves only those whom it chastises; and that it tries human beings and must try them in order to arrive at a just appraisal of their value. I have the unshakable will to set posterity a no less praiseworthy example in this fight than the great Germans did ages ago.

 

My own life does not play a role in this, which means that I will not spare my health or my life in any manner in the fulfilment of this duty conferred to me as the first German. If, at this time, I speak little and not very often to you, my party comrades and the German Volk, then I do this because I work; I work to fulfil the tasks with which time has burdened me and which must be fulfilled in order to bring about a turn of events. After all, since I have this will and see the loyal following of the German Volk, I do not doubt for a minute that, in the end, we will successfully survive this time of trial and that the hour will come when the Almighty again grants us His blessings as before. At the time, we gained the greatest victories in world history but did not become arrogant. At a time of setbacks, we will never bend and will thereby reaffirm in a positive sense the portrayal of the character of the present German Volk for posterity. I therefore believe with imperturbable confidence that, through our work and sacrifice, the moment will one day come when our efforts will finally be crowned by success. The goal of our struggle is no different from what we fought for in the year 1923, and for which the first sixteen martyrs of our movement died: our Volk’s rescue from misery and danger, the securing of life for our children, grandchildren, and distant generations! In the shadow of our nation, a Europe marches which feels that not only Germany’s fate is being decided today but also the future of all nations that count themselves part of Europe and are consciously disgusted by Bolshevik barbarism. So, I greet you from afar, my old party comrades, through the person who will speak this confession of my faith, in dogged determination, with my old unbending fighting morale and my unshakable confidence. On this occasion, I again thank the fighters of twenty-five years ago, who also have set us an example for the future of our Volk and the Greater German Reich!

Wednesday, 6 November 2024

Stand at Lushno: The SS “Totenkopf” Division in Battle September 1941

Published in „Siegrunen“ Magazine – Number 55,

January 1994

 

 

For the SS „Totenkopf“ Division Panzer Army and General von Manstein’s 56th Panzer Corps, the „Totenkopf“ Division had experienced an exhausting but highly successful summer campaign. Although the division had taken about 5,000 casualties out of 18,754 troops initially deployed, (including the Commanding General, SS-Gruppenführer Theodore Eicke, who had been badly wounded in July), it had constantly distinguished itself as a spearhead attacking force that always got the job done.

 

On 12 September 1941, the „Totenkopf“ Division was reassigned to the II. Infantry Corps to help in mopping-up operations to the north of Demyansk. So, for the first time in two and a half months, the SS unit was removed from the offensive arm of the campaign and given a chance to catch its breath. Part of the divisional job was to protect the flanks of the Army

 

Group along the banks of the swampy Pola River. The lines were far from stabilized here, and both the Germans and Soviets had bridgeheads on extending along both banks of the river. „Totenkopf“ troops began digging in on 15 September 1941, constructing bunkers and dugouts along the Pola and in villages nearby.

 

Classic photo of a „Totenkopf“ grenadier.

 

Within a few days it became apparent that the frontlines were still quite „hot/’ as heavy enemy artillery fire was directed towards the divisional positions and increasing Soviet activity both on the ground and in the air was noted. On 18 September, several Soviet probing attacks carried out by light infantry were made on the „Totenkopf“ positions, but all of them were easily repulsed. Still it did not augur well for the future; it was clear that this front sector would not offer the tranquility that had been hoped for.

 

On 19 September, SS-Gruf. Eicke, having recovered from his earlier wounds, arrived back at the divisional headquarters at Baljajewtschina. His appearance as usual, was electric; it provided an immediate shot-in- the-arm for the division. Eicke resumed command of the ‘Totenkopf“ Division on 20 September, relieving the more placid SS-Brigadeführer Georg Keppler, who had held the position on a temporary basis. With his flair for the dramatic , Gruf. Eicke then issued the following „order-of-the-day“ for his men:

 

Comrades:

 

I have been instructed to convey the greetings and thanks of the Reichsführer-SS to all officers, NCOs and men. The fame of the division under fire, in heroic battles in the swamps and bogs against a mean and malicious enemy, is well known to our Führer, Adolf Hitler. Your courage and victories will stand as a beacon of light in the history of the war. Hats off to you, soldiers of the Führer.

 

We remember with deep respect and gratitude our dead comrades, who went to their graves for the future of Greater Germany; they now lay at rest in the soil that they conquered in battle for the German Reich. We stand strong in our faith in the Führer and in our victory for kindred people, families and fatherland.

 

‘Corps Spirit’ and the comradeship of the front will further help us at our tasks. For me, the most important thing, and greatest joy in my life is that I can be back with you again.

 

Signed: Eicke.“

 

The dynamic presence of „Papa“ Eicke was certainly a morale booster for the troops of the „T“ Division who had the greatest affection and respect for their commander. Gruf. Eicke was a tough leader, but he never asked more from his men that he was prepared to do himself. For a hardline National Socialist he was quite a „democratic“ general and that was a prime reason for his popularity. Eicke immediately went about trying to rebuild the depleted ‘Totenkopf“ units. In the meantime, scout troops were dispatched on a daily basis to try and gain intelligence about the enemy intentions. By 22 September 1941, the divisional headquarters had evidence that the Red Army was concentrating a significant number of troops, armored vehicles and artillery batteries in the Pola River sector. The alarm flag was up and the „Totenkopf“ soldiers began to prepare for the worst!

 

On 23 September, Operation „Berta,“ the occupation of the Pola sector was completed; the „Totenkopf“ Division was now fully dug-in on a line running west- to-east, facing to the north, and began preparing for whatever the communists had to offer. The Waffen-SS troops were holding positions stretching for almost 30 kilometers along a front that went from Dobrilovo to Bojary and then to Podoly and Gnsivizi. The 23rd also saw the first stirrings of the expected Soviet counter offensive. Air and artillery bombardments increased in the „Totenkopf“ sector and small probing attacks aimed at the juncture of the „T“ Division and its lefthand neighbor, the 30th Infantry Division, began.

 

Officers commanding the „Totenkopf“ soldiers at Lushno. Top row: Georg Keppler Divisional CO), Theodor Eicke (Divisional CO), Heinz Lammerding (la, First Staff Officer). Bottom Row: Max Simon (CO „T“-Inf.Rgt.l), Matthias Kleinheisterkamp (CO „T“- Inf.Rgt.3), Helmuth Becker (CO „T“-Motorcycle Recce Btl.). All of these officers would go on to receive the Knight’s Cross and later command SS divisions and/or army corps.

 

These softening-up attacks took place mostly in the area west of Lushno, between Lushno and Suchaya-Niva, which was held by II. Battalion /SS-“T“ Infantry Regiment 3 under the command of SS- Hauptsturmführer Thier. Initially, the SS men had no difficulty in repelling these weak enemy efforts but as the day progressed it was noted that the Soviet ground attacks began recurring with clockwork regularly every two hours. By now, enormous numbers of Red soldiers and tanks could be seen massing on the east bank of the Pola, preparing to cross to a west bank bridgehead for an attack from the north on the „Totenkopf“ positions. The division was now placed on full alert. Two captured Soviets soldiers volunteered the information that an attack would be launched on the „T „Division front by midday on 24 September.

 

As it turned out, the all-out attack actually began early in the morning of the 24th. The focal point of the onslaught was once again the intersection of the 30th Infantry Division and the „T“ Division, where the German lines were perceived to be at their weakest. Seven Soviet Guards Divisions along with light and heavy tanks from the 63rd Tank Division and assorted horse cavalry units, led the assault on Lushno. Opposing this massive force were two „Totenkopf“ elements: SS-“T“ Infantry Rgt. 3 under the command of SS-Standartenführer Matthias Kleinheisterkamp, which was on the far left wing of the divisional lines, and the SS-“T“ Kradschützen (Motorcycle) Battalion under SS-Obersturmbannführer Helmuth Becker, which was positioned on the right of SS-“T“ IR 3, in and about the town of Lushno itself.

 

The enemy made a quick initial breakthrough into Lushno but was soon thrown back by a prompt „Totenkopf“ counterattack. While the fighting raged throughout the morning on this part of the lines, the main divisional positions did not come under attack until exactly noon. At that appointed hour, an enormous tide of Red Army soldiers began flooding towards the SS troops from the forest, the bridgeheads and from directly across the river. Entire regiments were confronting understrength „Totenkopf“ companies! In conjunction with excellent close-air support, an estimated 50,000 or more Soviet soldiers hit the „Totenkopf“ lines almost simultaneously. Never before in the entire Russian campaign had such a massive force been encountered.

 

SS-Gruf. Eicke (right) in the frontlines with SS-Stubaf. Otto Baum, commander of III./SS „T“ IR 3 and later commander of the 16th and 2nd SS Divisions.

 

In savage fighting, the „T“ Division was quickly broken down into fragmented pockets. Platoons and companies went down fighting or dissolved into chaos. By 1500 hours on the 24th, it appeared that the „Totenkopf“ positions would be lost and that maybe even the entire division could be written off. But in the subsequent hours the difference between ordinary soldiers and superbly motivated elite troops, manifested itself. Soldiers of the ‘Totenkopf“ Division, alone or in groups, although totally cutoff, held their ground and fought back.

 

Soldiers from the Panzerjäger (Anti-tank) Battalion in particular, distinguished themselves by their feats of unbelievable heroism. Despite their desperate situation, the anti-tank gunners kept firing point blank at the enemy until they were overwhelmed or ran out of ammunition. None of them budged an inch, and before their positions the Red Army soldiers died in droves. Emblematic of their performance were the deeds of SS-Sturmann Fritz Christen, one of the true heroes of the battle for Lushno.

 

To the north of Lushno, Christen and SS- Rottenführer Unterberger found themselves the sole survivors of their AT gun battery; the enemy had bypassed them and they were left alone in what was now no-man’s-land. While trapped in this position, the two SS men carried out their own incredible fight against all odds. On the 24th of September, with 15 Soviet T-34 tanks advancing directly towards him, Fritz Christen opened fire with his AT gun and managed to destroy 6 of the lumbering monsters in succession, which had the effect of driving the rest away. Rttfhr. Unterberger provided assistance by scavenging ammunition from the other knocked out batteries for use in Christen’s gun. On the next day, the tanks were back with an infantry escort. Christen again went into action. Working frenetically he blasted 7 more tanks to shreds while Unterberger blazed away with small arms fire at the infantrymen.

 

Within a 24 hour period, Fritz Christen had accounted for 13 T-34s, whose burning hulks formed a semi-circle around his AT gun position. Scattered about the tanks were the remains of 100 dead Red Army men. When finally relieved, after spending 72 hours without food or water under continuous enemy fire, Christen was brought to Gruf. Eicke, who immediately bestowed the Iron Cross, First Class upon him and recommended him on the spot for the Knight’s Cross. On 30 September 1941, SS-Sturmann Fritz Christen was flown to the Führer’s battle headquarters near Rastenburg, East Prussia where he was personally decorated with the Knight’s Cross by Adolf Hitler. The award was especially notable on two accounts: Christen became the youngest soldier (age 19) and first enlisted man in the Waffen-SS to receive that coveted decoration.

 

Meanwhile, „back at the front,“ the Soviets attacks began to wane; all around Lushno pockets of „Totenkopf“ troops stood immovable, continually repelling the massed enemy infantry assaults. By midafternoon on 24 September, the „T“ Division began to tentatively regroup as the elements of various isolated units slowly regained contact with each other. But the town of Lushno had been lost and Gruf. Eicke ordered an immediate counterattack to retake it. At dusk a battlegroup spearheaded by the SS-“T“ Pionere (Engineer) Bataillon stormed the village and destroyed the enemy forces holding it, but everyone knew that the Reds would be back!

 

SS-Sturmann Fritz Christen just after the battle, before the award of the Knight’s Cross.

 

“Totenkopf“ anti-tank gunners in action.

 

 

At 0500 hours on 25 September, the Soviets attempted to overwhelm Lushno with a force of 30 T- 30 tanks that were „protecting“ a massed infantry onslaught. The Red Army foot soldiers however were wiped out quickly by enfilading machine-gun fire. That left only the tanks to deal with. The ‘Totenkopf“ „stormtroops“ would go after them. Heavily armed with hand-grenades and explosive charges, these brave soldiers attacked the massive T-34s individually, sending grenades down muzzles and blowing off their treads and turrets. Once the tanks were disabled the crews were shot down on the spot or taken on in hand-to-hand combat; needless to say, few of the Soviet tank men survived.

 

At 1200 hours, the Soviet attacks further intensified with strong artillery support. The 30th Infantry Division which was holding positions to the northeast of „Totenkopf,“ was dislodged from the frontlines and then began to hurriedly fall back to keep from being cutoff. This now opened the door for a possible major catastrophe; however the „Totenkopf“ soldiers were not about to let that happen. At 1500 hours, Red Army troops attacked a „Totenkopf“ engineer company that was positioned behind a small mine field. To clear the land mines, the Soviets drove a herd of pigs on before them. Neither the pigs or the Reds ever got through.

 

Some extracts from the SS-“T“ IR 3 war diary for 25 September 1941 help convey what was developing:

 

1700 Hours: Word has reached the Regiment through radio communications from II. Battalion, that the battalion commander, SS-Hstuf. Thier, has fallen in action, and that a deep enemy penetration was made. New, strong attacks supported by heavy artillery and mortar fire have been made on our positions. The enemy has begun another assault on Lushno but is thrown back. The attack on Jeruschkovo was beaten back as well.

 

1930 Hours: After bitter fighting for every foot of ground in Lushno carried out by I. Battalion, the enemy is driven back with bloody losses.“

 

From 26 to 27 September, the Red Army launched continuous suicide attacks on the „Totenkopf“ lines, almost breaking through on numerous occasions. But „almost“ doesn’t do the job; the SS men matched and surpassed the enemy efforts with an almost superhuman performance. The defensive struggle of the SS grenadiers was closely supported by the batteries of the SS-“T“ Artillery Regiment. 9th Battery located 1,000 meters to the west of Lushno, was right in the thick of the fighting. Firing over open sights at close range, the battery sent salvo after salvo into the enemy troop concentrations, completely disorganizing them. 12. Batterie/SS-“T“ Artillerie Rgt. under Hstuf. Maserie, fired without pause into the Soviet jumping-off positions. Ostuf. Hasselberg personally directed the battery’s fire. Two 8.8 cm guns of the SS-“T“ Flak Abteilung under Ostuf. Hohmueller scored direct hits on a number of enemy tanks. At one point they were almost overrun by the enemy and Hohmueller was badly wounded.

 

In spite of the barrages fired by the Waffen-SS batteries, which left the Red Army dead stacked up like cordwood, the Soviets always managed to come back with renewed strength. At noon on 26 September, the 26th „Stalin“ Division assaulted the positions of I./SS- „T“ IR 1 under Hstuf. Zollhoefer at Bol-Samoschj. A furious battle raged for hours but the Russians were stopped cold and forced back. Almost simultaneously a strong enemy force with tank support began to press from the northeast against Lushno. The valiant II./SS- „T“ IR 3 was once again driven out of the town, losing four battalion commanders in a row killed or wounded. But in the early evening the 150 survivors of the battalion counterattacked and in a short, brutal battle hurled the Soviets back and regained Lushno. It was an almost unbelievable achievement, given the depleted status of the unit, but the adrenalin factor was still holding off the onset of fatigue for the few grenadiers who remained.

 

“Totenkopf“ troops (here from the motorcycle battalion), fighting their way back into Lushno.

 

On 27 September 1941, the battle for Lushno reached its peak. Gruf. Eicke ordered every able-bodied man in the division into the frontlines, Then along; with his staff, Eicke grabbed a carbine and moved into the trenches of Ostubaf. Simon’s SS-“T“ IR 1 just outside of Lushno. In one last gasp effort, the Russians threw 100 tanks and 3,000 fresh infantrymen straight into the face of the „Totenkopf“ defenders. They poured into Lushno only to be repeatedly thrown out. In the trenches and the dugouts there was close combat of the most savage nature. Behind the „Totenkopf“ units there were no reserves and no prepared positions to fall back on. It boiled down to „fight or die“ for every man that could wield a weapon.

 

By early afternoon of the 27th, the Red Army had shot its bolt. At 1350 hours, Ostubaf. Lammerding, the divisional first staff officer, made the following entry in the „Totenkopf“ HQ war diary: „The main line of battle is fully back in our hands.“ The heavy fighting was over; the Soviet attack force lay burned to cinders before and just inside the „Totenkopf“ positions. Two-thirds of the Red Army infantry that had accompanied the last assault wave had been killed or captured. More than 50 of the 100 tanks had been destroyed, most by individual effort. The heroic tank destruction team led by the later Ritterkreuztraeger Hstuf. Max Seela from 3rd Company/SS-“T“ Engineer Battalion, had accounted for many of them. These brave combat engineers had taken on each giant T-34 separately; leaping onto them and planting dynamite charges or sending grenades down turrets and muzzles.

 

SS-Gruppenführer Theodor Eicke surveying the battlefield.

 

Also performing with unsurpassable bravery was II./SS-“T“ IR 3, which alone lost 72 killed, 132 wounded and 6 missing at Lushno. Of the battalion commanders, Hstuf. Thier was killed in the fighting and each of his three successors was wounded! The 117 survivors were reformed into a training company under Hstuf. Launer and pulled out of the lines until the battalion could be reformed. The adjutant of II/SS- „T“ IR 3, Ostuf. Raduenz and the 3rd Company commander, Ostuf. Singer, both received special acknowledgement in the Army Corps order-of-the-day for their courageous leadership against the enemy.

 

On the morning of 28 September, a few last feeble Soviet probes were made only to be easily turned back by the SS troops, who now struck back with a vengeance at the weakened Bolshevik forces. With heavy artillery blazing away, the „Totenkopf“ soldiers bludgeoned the demoralized enemy and turned their withdrawal into a route. The Pola River Front was made secure. The cost to the SS „Totenkopf“ Division: 2 000 casualties in five days, ate least a third of whom were killed-in-action! But not one tank, not one enemy penetration, not even one enemy soldier had gotten through the SS lines.

 

 

SS-Sturmann Fritz Christen, (Anti-tank Btl.) and SS-Hstuf. Max Seela, (Engineer Btl.), two of the heroes of Lushno.

 

The battalions that had suffered the most were withdrawn to be rebuilt, but the „Totenkopf“ Division as a whole remained on the front and prepared for an October advance that would take it even deeper into Soviet territory. In the German press, the men to the SS Division were given extensive coverage under the title: „The Heroes of Lushno“; it was not an exaggeration! Leaders of the Wehrmacht such as Generaloberst Busch, paid special tributes to the outstanding performance of the Division under Gruf. Eicke’s guidance. More importantly, the Soviets were deeply impressed.

 

SS-Staf. Kleinheisterkamp decorating soldiers from SS-“T“ IR 3 after the battle for Lushno.

 

Marshall Umoschenko had thrown his best troops against the „Totenkopf“ Division and they had been beaten into the ground. Soon the practice of offering a bounty for captured „Totenkopf“ sleeve titles would become an informal Red Army custom.

 

It was now quite apparent to both friend and foe alike, that the SS-“T“ Division was a force to be reckoned with. Later that winter it would help write another epic during the defense of the Demyansk Pocket, but the performance of the division at Lushno assured its military reputation for the rest of the war. With clear-sighted fortitude, total sacrifice and transcendent bravery, the ‘Totenkopf“ grenadiers had indeed surmounted impossible odds. It was what would come to be expected as a matter of course from all units of the Waffen-SS, German and non-German alike!

 

Passing a burning tank on the battlefield.

 

“Totenkopf“ anti-tank gun crew at rest.