By Mark Weber
Published: 1985-04-01
Franklin
Roosevelt often lied to further his goals. In a radio address broadcast to the
nation on 23 October 1940, for example, he gave „this most solemn assurance“
that he had not given any „secret understanding in any shape or form, direct or
indirect, with any government or any other nation in any part of the world, to
involve this nation in any war or for any other purpose.“ But American, British
and Polish documents (mostly released many years later) proved that this „most
solemn assurance“ was a bald-faced lie. Roosevelt had, in fact, made numerous
secret arrangements to involve the U.S. in war.
Of all his speeches, perhaps
the best example of Roosevelt’s readiness to lie is his 1941 Navy Day address
broadcast over nationwide radio on 27 October.
A lot had happened in the
months preceding that address. On 11 March 1941 Roosevelt signed the Lend-Lease
bill into law, permitting increased deliveries of military aid to Britain in
violation of U.S. neutrality and international law. In April Roosevelt illegally
sent U.S. troops to occupy Greenland. On 27 May he proclaimed a state of „unlimited
national emergency,“ a kind of presidential declaration of war that
circumvented a power constitutionally reserved to Congress. Following the Axis
attack against the USSR in June, the Roosevelt administration began delivering
enormous quantities of military aid to the beleaguered Soviets. These shipments
also blatantly violated international law. In July Roosevelt illegally sent
American troops to occupy Iceland.
The President began his Navy
Day address by recalling that German submarines had torpedoed the U.S.
destroyer Greer on 4 September 1941 and the U.S. destroyer Kearny
on 17 October. In highly emotional language, he characterized these incidents
as unprovoked acts of aggression directed against all Americans. He declared
that although he had wanted to avoid conflict, shooting had begun and „history
has recorded who fired the first shot.“ What Roosevelt deliberately failed to
mention was the fact that in each case the U.S. destroyers had been engaged in
attack operations against the submarines, which fired in self-defense only as a
last resort. Hitler wanted to avoid war with the United States, and had
expressly ordered German submarines to avoid conflicts with U.S warships at all
costs, except to avoid imminent destruction. Roosevelt’s standing „shoot on
sight“ orders to the U.S Navy were specifically designed to make incidents like
the ones he so piously condemned inevitable. His provocative efforts to goad
Hitler into declaring war against the U.S. had failed and most Americans still
opposed direct involvement in the European conflict.
And so, in an effort to
convince his listeners that Germany was a real threat to American security, Roosevelt
continued his Navy Day speech with a startling announcement: „Hitler has often
protested that his plans for conquest do not extend across the Atlantic Ocean.
I have in my possession a secret map, made in Germany by Hitler’s government –
by the planners of the new world order. It is a map of South America and a part
of Central America as Hitler proposes to reorganize it.“ This map, the
President explained, showed South America, as well as „our great life line, the
Panama Canal,“ divided into five vassal states under German domination. „That
map, my friends, makes clear the Nazi design not only against South America but
against the United States as well.“
Roosevelt went on to reveal
that he also had in his possession „another document made in Germany by Hitler’s
government. It is a detailed plan to abolish all existing religions – Catholic,
Protestant, Mohammedian, Hindu, Buddhist, and Jewish alike“ which Germany will
impose „on a dominated world, if Hitler wins.“
„The property of all churches
will be seized by the Reich and its puppets. The cross and all other symbols of
religion are to be forbidden. The clergy are to be ever liquidated. In the
place of the churches of our civilization there is to be set up an
international Nazi church, a church which will be served by orators sent out by
the Nazi government. And in the place of the Bible, the words of Mein Kampf
will be imposed and enforced as Holy Writ. And in the place of the cross of
Christ will be put two symbols: the swastika and the naked sword.“
Roosevelt emphasized the
importance of his „revelations“ by declaring: „Let us well ponder these grim
truths which I have told you of the present and future plans of Hitlerism“ All
Americans, he said, „are faced with the choice between the kind of world we want
to live in and the kind of world which Hitler and his hordes would impose on
us.“ Accordingly, „we are pledged to pull our own oar in the destruction of
Hitlerism.“
The German government
immediately responded to Roosevelt’s speech by denouncing his „documents“ as
preposterous frauds. The Italian government declared that if Roosevelt did not
publish his map „within 24 hours, he will acquire a sky high reputation as a
forger.“ At a press conference the next day, a reporter rather naturally asked
the President for a copy of the „secret map.“ But Roosevelt refused, insisting
only that it came from „a source which is undoubtedly reliable.“
As has often happened, the
truth about the map did not emerge until many years after the war: It was a
forgery produced by the British intelligence service, most probably at its
technical laboratory in Ontario, Canada. William Stephenson (code name:
Intrepid), chief of British intelligence operations in North America, passed it
on to U.S. intelligence chief William Donovan, who gave it to Roosevelt. In a
memoir published in late 1984, wartime British agent Ivar Bryce claimed credit
for thinking up the „secret map“ scheme. Of course, the other „document“ cited
by Roosevelt, purporting to outline German plans to abolish the world’s
religions, was just as fraudulent as the „secret map.“
Some U.S. officials were
concerned about British wartime efforts to deceive the American government and
people. In a 5 September 1941 memorandum forwarded to Secretary of State
Cordell Hull, Assistant Secretary of State Adolf Berle warned that British
intelligence agents were manufacturing phony documents detailing supposed
German conspiracies. Americans should be „on our guard“ against these
British-invented „false scares,“ Berle concluded.
It’s doubtful if any of
Roosevelt’s great contemporaries, including Stalin, Hitler and even Churchill,
ever delivered a speech as loaded with falsehoods as brazen as those in his
1941 Navy Day address. On at least one occasion, Roosevelt privately admitted
his willingness to lie to further his goals. During a conversation on 14 May
1942 with his close Jewish adviser, Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau, Jr.,
the President candidly remarked:
„I may have one policy for
Europe and one diametrically opposite for North and South America. I may be
entirely inconsistent, and furthermore, I am perfectly willing to mislead and
tell untruths if it will help us win the war.”
Sources
· Bratzel, John F., and Leslie
B. Rout, Jr., „FDR and The ‘Secret Map’,“ The Wilson Quarterly
(Washington, DC), New Year’s 1985, pp. 167-173.
· „Ex-British Agent Says FDR’s
Nazi Map Faked,“ Foreign Intelligence Literary Scene (Frederick, MD:
University Publications of America), December 1984, pp. 1-3.
· „President Roosevelt’s Navy
Day Address on World Affairs,“ The New York Times, 28 October 1941.
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