INTRODUCTION -
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Restricted to the
Armed Forces
I
shall speak first of all about the origin, organization, and the spheres of
activity of the SS; secondly, about the organization and obligations of the
Police; and thirdly, about the combined efforts of the SS and the Police, and
about the important and vitally necessary question on the internal security of
the Reich.
The SS originated
in 1923, very early in the history of the movement, as shock troop [Stosstrupp]
Hitler, was prohibited and disbanded on November 9, 1923. When the party was
re-established in 1925, the SA as a protective organization for the meetings was
at first prohibited. The Fuehrer was also denied the right of speech and
assembly in Prussia as well as in Bavaria. Assembly was permitted only in Saxony
and Thuringia which at that time were entirely red.
In order to ensure
the success of these meetings, it was necessary to protect them from dispersal.
Therefore in 1925 the Fuehrer ordered a small organization to be formed in order
to protect these meetings, namely the SS [SS, protective squadrons]-literally
Staffeln at that time, namely small formations with the effective strength of
one leader and 10 men in each location. Even as large a city as Berlin had a
squadron of only 2 leaders and 20 men at that time. Throughout 1925 and 1926 we
succeeded in carrying out and carrying through the meetings of the Fuehrer and
also of other party speakers in Saxony and Thuringia with these squadrons.
In 1926 the SA was
again permitted to exist, and for a few years the SS withdrew more into the
background. In the year 1929, eight years ago, I was ordered by the Fuehrer to
take over the leadership of all SS units in the entire Reich, then totalling 280
men, and to change them according to the order, into a reliable elite
organization of the Party. I decided to tackle this problem - which I should
like to discuss here to some extent - because I was a National Socialist, of
course. I want to tell you also how this is to be interpreted. I am a strong
believer in the doctrine that, in the end, only good blood can achieve the
greatest, enduring things in the world. Strengthened by this conviction of mine,
I began to work on this problem.
RACIAL
PRINCIPLES OF THE SS
Accordingly, only
good blood, blood which history has proved to be leading and creative and the
foundation of every state and all military activities, only Nordic blood, can be
considered. I said to myself that should I succeed to select from the German
people for this organization as many people as possible a majority of whom
possess this desired blood, to teach them military discipline and, in time, the
understanding of the value of blood and the entire ideology which results from
it, then it will be possible actually to create such an elite organization which
would successfully hold its own in all cases of emergency.
This form of
selection of good blood has been very often theoretically recognized. Many books
have been written on it from Chamberlain to Guenther of the years 1926/ 27, and
many others which I shall not mention here. Now came the difficult question of
the method of selecting these people. There are two kinds of selection
procedures: first, the most severe selection procedure brought about by war, the
struggle for life and death. In this procedure the value of blood is shown
through achievement. In the year 1929, a great number of former soldiers still
existed who’s worth could be determined by their record during the war. Wars
however, are exceptional circumstances, and a way had to be found to make
selections in peace time as well, when courage could not be given this test.
Thus, I could only draw conclusions from the appearance of the people in
question. Of course, many will argue immediately: that is all very well but if
you judge by height, blond hair and blue eyes and the dimensions of the skull
then the matter is very problematical. That is known to me very well, too. One
could never judge by that alone.
I then went on to
require a certain height. I did not accept people under l.7 meters, and here I
ask you to understand the exact meaning to my words, because I know that people
who have reached a certain height must possess the desired blood to some degree.
Of course, it is impossible to be too discriminating here as it cannot be said
that people who are smaller should not possess the same blood. That is natural
but by choosing from this pool of people having the desired height there exists
a greater probability of obtaining satisfactory results.
But we went
further. It was not enough to go by height, but we began to obtain photographs
at that time. That amounted to a hundred to two hundred people annually who were
eligible for admission. I have personally seen each photograph and asked myself:
Does the face of this man have distinct traits of foreign blood, excessive cheek
bones, or as is the common way of asking: Does this one appears Mongolic or that
one Slavic? Slavic, incidentally, is a faulty expression. It is merely a popular
expression.
Why have I done all
this? I should like to call to your attention here the types of soldier councils
of the years 1918 and 1919. Everyone of you who was an officer at that time
knows a number of such people by personal experience. You will have to admit
that on the whole they were people whose appearance affected our German eye as
rather peculiar, whose features looked strange and who had some foreign blood in
them. They were the type of people who could be disciplined, who are orderly in
normal times, who would even be brave, bold and daring in time of war but who,
because of their blood, would fail to pass the final great test of character and
nerves.
Since I knew these
things, I said to myself: I shall not accept people whom I expect to quit, to
complain, to become disloyal and traitors, to have bad soldierly manners and the
like at the moment of political tests, because of the nature of the composition
of their blood. We had to be all the more careful because we had only voluntary
discipline in the SS during the years of struggle, and therefore we were unable
to compel a man to do something.
It was only
possible to deprive the man of his arm band for a period of three or four weeks
or impose on him penal drills, and that only if he voluntarily accepted the
punishment. If he was unwilling, he could always say: "I resign, I don’t like it
any longer." We therefore have followed the above-mentioned principle of
selection and been able to remove the principal causes of defect.
With this outward
screening however, no final selection had been attained, since it was always the
performance of the person during the following months and years which was of
importance. It was my point of view that we should always require difficult
tasks and more than any other organization. Valuable personnel is never trained
by means of easy service and conveniences, but by difficulties and added
burdens. We therefore began by exacting from our men higher dues in spite of the
widespread poverty of the times. At a time when no uniforms were issued to party
organizations, we asked our people to acquire black trousers and boots from
their own means-a tremendous expense for an unemployed person who had to pay the
40 marks of his own purse. If he failed to do so and declared: I cannot do that,
then we explained to him: please go away, for you somehow failed to understand
the matter for you do not possess the instinctive willingness to a sacrifice of
your own accord, for we cannot use you, thus we gradually arrived at our
intended and desired picture. This briefly-mentioned theory of selection of
people may be criticized, today after eight years I believe I can say with
sincerity that its practical application has justified its existence, and that
it has really been possible to affect a certain selection of people in the SS
already during the time of fighting.
THE SS IN POWER:
RECRUITMENT & ORGANIZATIONAL HIERARCHY OF THE ALLGEMEINE-SS
I shall skip the
next few periods and shall now occupy myself with the year 1933. This year was
for the SS the hardest trial; for it was a time when all organizations
flourished, a time of great assault and tidal waves of those who desired
membership in the party and its organizations. A very difficult question
confronted us at that time. It was a question of deciding whether to close the
party and its organizations to further membership and thus remaining pure in
quality but small in volume, or of opening them to further membership to
increase their volume. This resulted in a dangerous situation, as was shown as a
number of people poured in who were not entirely loyal and idealists, so that to
a certain degree it became a menace of numbers, of the masses.
The SS too was
endangered by this menace. Therefore, I closed it in April 1933 while some of
the other organizations still accepted as great a number of people as possible.
This way I had the SS again under my control in April and said: We shall accept
no more people. From the end of 1933 to the end of 1935, we expelled all those
of the newly accepted members who proved unsuitable. In these years I have
expelled approximately 60,000 men. Today the strength of the SS consists of
approximately 210,000 men. This has been of great benefit to the SS and all of
its units as its quality has greatly improved whereas it would have suffered
considerably through quantity.
I shall close the
question of selection by stating that today we accept young men of 18 years of
age. We know them already from the Hitler Youth, have studied them already a few
years, so that we are sure to get only the best. With 18 years they come to us
as candidates.
They are extremely
thoroughly examined and checked. Of 100 men we can use on the average 10 or 15,
no more. We ask for the political reputation record of his parents, brothers and
sisters, the record of his ancestry as far back as 1750 and naturally the
physical examination and his records of the Hitler Youth. Further we ask for a
record of hereditary health showing that no hereditary diseases exist in his
parents and in his family. Last, but perhaps most important, is a certification
of the race commission. This examining commission is composed of SS leaders,
anthropologists and physicians.
The behaviour of
this young man in front of this commission is now what is decisive: Not only the
way he stands at attention but also his manly disciplined bearing, the ease and
composition with which he answers the questions posed to him in the course of
conversation, his gait, his hands, in fact all that which we have come to regard
in the course of our eight years of experience as ideal. This is the way we
determine whether to accept the man or not. The first years the company has been
very unhappy in many cases. It asked: Why is this man refused us? We have just
located in this or that village a man who has in every respect an orderly
appearance and now when this man confronts the race commission he is being
refused at a time when it is so difficult to obtain people. In such cases we
have always remained and still remain severe and that is the right thing. That
is the proper way to conduct a veritable selection.
I now come to the
organization of the SS. It is necessary to distinguish among the following
organizations of the SS. First the General SS which consists of about 190,000
men. This General SS is entirely civilian in nature except for the higher
officer corps, which performs its duties on the higher levels, that is from
Sturmbannführer up. I am very proud of the fact that only 0.4 percent of the
General SS are unemployed. These 0.4 percent come from Upper Silesia where it is
really very difficult to obtain work. We have almost only professionals, and it
is my opinion that it should be so. For a really capable man is of little value
to me if he only excels in arts, he must also be otherwise honest and of good
character, and accomplish something in his field, in his profession. A man who
changes his position three times without satisfactory reason is expelled as we
have no further interest in him.
People who stand
around idle are of no use to us. The General SS, therefore, is entirely
professional in its nature and character and performs its duties nights and
Sundays just like in war time. Besides the General SS there is the
Verfügungstruppe; also, the Death Head Units, the SD, and the race and
population system. I shall now discuss individual units in some detail. The
General SS is divided into 13 subdivisions which on the whole are exactly
adapted to the present corps districts and one corps district being planned.
Under these subdivisions headed by Oberabschnittsführer who are Gruppenführer or
Obergruppenführer, there are those which are headed by an Oberführer or
Brigadeführer. These subdivisions, in their turn, are subdivided into SS
regiments [Standarten]. A regiment, if in its entire force, is made up of 1600
men. Under the regiments we have the battalions [Sturmbanne] and companies
[Sturme], and under the companies the platoons.
A great many SS men
live very far apart. Of course, it would be much more convenient to set up a
Sturmbanne in some town and in this way have all the people always together.
That would facilitate considerably the exercises which always take place in the
evening hours, instruction and sport, and require much less effort. However,
that would inevitably result in a decreasing quality because not enough people
possessing the desired qualities could be obtained in a town of approximately 20
to 25 thousand inhabitants. We have, therefore, extended our organization
considerably and have many platoons in the country side. These platoons are then
divided up between the villages, so that in a typical village only the two best
young men are SS members. We have meetings over the week ends when the farmer is
not too occupied, or one entire afternoon in the winter, while in summer we only
have monthly roll calls. That is the outline of the organization of the General
SS.
The age groups in
the SS are as follows: With 18 years the young man enters the SS. He is first an
applicant, after three months he takes the oath on the Fuehrer and thus becomes
a candidate [Anwarter]. As a candidate during the first year he, takes
examinations for his SA sport insignia and his bronze sport insignia. At the age
of 19 or 19 1/2, according to the time of his acceptance, he is conscripted for
the labour service and subsequently for the Wehrmacht. After two more years he
comes back from the Wehrmacht unless he remains there as a prospective
non-commissioned officer or reenlists. If he returns to us, he is still
candidate. In these weeks he is especially thoroughly instructed in ideology.
The first year is for him a period of elementary ideological indoctrination. In
these weeks following his return from the Wehrmacht he receives special
instruction about the marriage law and all other laws pertaining to the family,
and the honour laws. On the 9th of November, following his return from the
Wehrmacht, he becomes an SS man in the true sense. The Reichsführer of the SS is
just as much an SS man in the sense of the SS organization as the common man at
the front. On this 9th of November, he is being awarded the dagger, and at this
occasion he promises to abide by the marriage law and the disciplinary laws of
the SS, since the family is also subject to these laws. From this day on he has
the right and the duty to defend his honour with a weapon as laid down by the
honour laws of the SS. The applicants and candidates do not yet have this right.
The SS man remains in the so called active general SS until his 36th year. From
his 35th to his 46th year he is in the SS reserve, and after his 45th year in
the Stammabteilung of the SS, identified by the grey colour patch. Between the
ages of 21 and 36 the SS man has to perform a great many duties, especially up
to his 25th year. In these first four years there are a lot of marches,
tournaments, i. e., sports of all kinds which take the form of contests that
take place each year between Easter and Summer solstice so that we are able to
select the best men of every company by these demonstrations of physical
ability. Every SS man is being asked to pass some kind of annual test until his
50th year. And the reason for that? These men are for the most part
professionals. In the SS perhaps anywhere from l/2 to 3/5 live in cities. The
workman in the cities is often engaged in occupations requiring him to stand or
the intellectual worker to sit for a considerable amount of time. To that is
added the misery of big cities which in my opinion is also a very serious
military question.
MILITARY
TRAINING OF SS MEN
People of the 20th
Century no longer walk but travel in the subway, railroad or cars. Nobody is
accustomed to marching in all the years of his civilian life. Or take those who
hold leading positions as an example, all the professional State and Ministry
leaders. These people are condemned to sit. Everybody is so pressed for time he
has to take an automobile because there is no other way to keep up with the
rush. The result of this is that people grow pale and fat and, in some cases,
phlegmatic which is never good for the State. If we desire to remain young, we
have to be sportsmen. But all that would remain on paper if I did not hold
annual checkups or arouse to a certain degree the ambition of the men so that
they really become sportsmen and pass their annual tests.
The performance
insignia of the SA have the following meaning: every form of sport which
requires the use of arms is being executed with both arms. Shot-put is done with
both arms; the same holds true for stone putting. Pistols and rifles are fired
left and right. That appears terribly awkward and unaccustomed in the beginning,
but it is an excellent form of exercise and very successful. Hand grenades and
clubs are hurled left and right. In the beginning no record performances can be
expected of course of people past their twentieth year, since the left arm or in
the case of a left-handed person the right arm, are completely untrained, so
that at a distance of 10 m the target is often missed by three or five meters.
It will be, however, a very good development and application of all physical
strength if we require such performances of youths in the ages of 13 to 14 from
the very beginning. I believe that in this way we shall be very successful.
Every year the performance insignia differ. Of course, I do not expect the
conditions and time from a 40-year-old for a 100-meter race as I do expect them
from a man of 21, but I do require of the man of 40 greater endurance in
marching than I do of the man of 21. I expect a 30-year-old man to shoot calmer
and better than a 19- or 20-year-old with few examples. They are also graded to
the extent that a wounded war veteran who e. g. cannot swim need not, for that
reason, refuse every sport. But I want to help him by grading the conditions so
that one who lost an arm can perform the exercise with the other arm. Such are
the sport activities of the SS from the ages of 18 to 50. Aside from the sport
activity, those between the ages of 21 and 36 receive complete training in
street patrolling and barricading for cases of internal security. Hand in hand
with physical exercise is mental and ideological training. Weekly periods of
instruction are held during which pages from Hitler’s Mein Kampf are read. The
older a person, the more steadfast must he be in his ideology and the more
training must he get in ideology.
ORGANIZATION OF
THE SS-VERFÜGUNGSTRUPPE
I now come to the
Verfügungstruppe [Forerunner of Armed Forces SS] . The Verfügungstruppe is
divided into the following units: SS Regiment "Adolf Hitler," with three
battalions, which is motorized and at the same time contains infantrymen and
additional companies; SS Regiment "Deutschland" with 4 battalions with the usual
motorcycle riflemen and infantry howitzer companies; SS Regiment "Germania" with
3 battalions also with motorcycle riflemen infantry howitzer companies; the SS
battalion "Nurnberg," an infantry battalion; the SS engineer battalion today in
Leipzig; later in Dresden; and the SS signal battalion today in Berlin, later in
Unna, upon completion of the barracks. The Regiment "Adolf Hitler" is in Berlin.
The Regiment "Deutschland" has three battalions in Munich and one battalion in
Ellwangen, the Regiment "Germania" has now one battalion and two companies in
Hamburg, and one battalion in Arolsen and up to now one other battalion in
Soltau. The final garrison is not yet stationary. The time of service is 4
years. No other form of conscription exists. The annual need for replacement
will be approximately 2200 men, not a great number.
SS DEATH’S HEAD
UNITS & CONCENTRATION CAMPS
I now come to the
Death Head Units. The employment and obligations of the Verfügungstruppe I shall
discuss later in connection with the police. The Death Head Units originated
from the guard units of the concentration camps. In connection with these
concentration camps, I should like to give a few data. We have in Germany today
the following concentration camps which, in my opinion, should not decrease but
increase in number for certain reasons:
(1) Dachau near
Munich; (2) Sachsenhausen near Berlin, which is the former camp Esterwege in
Emsland. I have dissolved this camp in Emsland upon the suggestion of Reich
Labour Leader, Hierl, and the judiciary, who declared it was wrong to tell one
person that the service in the swamps to make land arable is an honor, and
another, by sending him there as a prisoner: "I’ll teach you people what it
means to get sent to the swamps." This indeed is illogical, and after half or
three quarters of a year, I dissolved the camp in Esterwege and transferred it
to Sachsenhausen near Oranienburg. Then there is a camp in Lichtenburg near
Torgau, one in Sachsenburg near Chemnitz and besides a few smaller ones. The
number of prisoners is about 8000. I shall explain to you why we must have so
many and still more. We once had a very efficiently organized German Communist
Party [KPD] . The KPD was crushed in the year 1933. A part of the functionaries
went to foreign countries. Another part was comprised in the very high number of
protective custody prisoners in the year 1933. Because of my extensive knowledge
of Bolshevism, I have always opposed the release of these people from the camps.
It must be clear to us that the great mass of workmen is absolutely susceptible
to National Socialism and the contemporary form of state as long as their way of
thought has not been changed by the specifically indoctrinated, trained and
financially backed functionaries.
It would be
extremely instructive for everyone-some members of the Wehrmacht were already
able to do so-to inspect such a concentration camp. Once they have seen it, they
are convinced of the fact that no one had been sent there unjustly; that it is
the offal of criminals and freaks. No better demonstration of the laws of
inheritance and race, as set forth by Doctor Gütt, exists than such a
concentration camp. There you can find people with hydrocephalus, people who are
cross-eyed, deformed, half-Jewish, and a number of racially inferior products.
All that is assembled there. Of course, we distinguish between those inmates who
are only there for a few months for the purpose of education, and those who are
to stay for a very long time. On the whole, education consists of discipline,
never of any kind of instruction on an ideological basis, for the prisoners
have, for the most part, slave-like souls; and only very few people of real
character can be found there. They would pretend to do all that would be asked
of them, repeat all that is said in the Volkischer Beobachter but in reality,
stay the same. The discipline thus preens order. The order begins with these
people living in clean barracks. Such a thing can really only be accomplished by
us Germans, hardly another nation would be as humane as we are. The laundry is
frequently changed. The people are taught to wash themselves twice daily, and
the use of a toothbrush with which most of them have been unfamiliar. The
concentration camps are guarded by these Death Head Units. It is impossible to
use exclusively married people for guard duty as has been suggested once, for no
state can afford to do so. It is further necessary to keep the number of such
guards for concentration camps-there are 3,500 men in Germany-at a relatively
high level, for no form of service is as exacting and strenuous for troops as
the guarding of crooks and criminals. In case of war, it must become clear to us
that a considerable number of unreliable persons will have to be put here if we
are to assure ourselves of the absence of highly disagreeable developments in
case of war.
The prisoner guards
were formerly members of the General SS. We gradually collected them into the
so-called Death Head Units. They are not arranged in companies, but in centuries
(groups of 100) and have naturally also machine guns. In such camps there are
two or three control towers, manned day and night with fully loaded machine
guns, so that any attempt of a general uprising, a possibility for which we must
always be prepared, can be immediately suppressed. The entire camp can be
strafed from three towers.
The time of service
in these Death Head Units is also four years. They consist today mainly of
people who have served their time in the Wehrmacht and then enlisted with us for
a period of four years. The Death Head Units have the additional purpose of
being the cadre centuries for approximately 30 Death Head special battalions of
the SS in case of war, for 25,000 men with whom we shall guarantee the safety in
the interior, I shall come back to this subject later.
THE SECURITY
SERVICE - SD
I now come to the
Security Service [SD]; it is the great ideological intelligence service of the
party and, in the long run, also that of the state. During the time of struggle
for power it was only the intelligence service of the SS. At that time, we had,
for quite natural reasons, an intelligence service with the regiments,
battalions and companies. We had to know what was going on the opponent’s side,
whether the Communists intended to hold a meeting today or not, whether our
people were to be suddenly attacked or not and similar things. I separated this
service already in 1941 from the troops, from the units of the general SS,
because I considered it to be wrong. For one thing, the secrecy is endangered,
then the individual men or even the companies are too likely to discuss everyday
problems.
That was indeed the
principle of the SS from the beginning. Everyday problems do not interest us;
every leader appointed by the Fuehrer will be backed by us, every leader
dismissed by the Fuehrer will be removed by us, if necessary, by force, because
only the command of the Fuehrer counts. Besides that, we are only interested in
ideological questions of importance for decades or centuries, so that the man is
really above the concern of every day and knows that he is working for a great
task, which occurs but once in 2000 years. The SS man is not interested in daily
problem of the kind whether perhaps the local group is correctly manned, whether
everything is done properly in the labour front, no matter what it is, he is not
interested.
The Security
Service was already separated from the troops in 1931 and separately organized.
Its higher headquarters coincide today with the Oberabschnitte and Abschnitte
(sectors), and it has also field offices, an own organization of officials with
a great many Command Posts, approximately 3-4000 men strong, at least when it is
built up. The spheres which it handles are above all Communism, Judaism,
Freemasonry, ultra-mundane activities, the activity of political religion, and
reaction. Here, too, the details of the work are not of interest. You will
perhaps see that during your visit; I can, therefore, be short. The, security
service is only interested in the great ideological problems.
For example: Let us
say that it is attempted on the part of ultra-Montane people to effect gradually
for the territory of Austria a change into a Swiss like state by means of
scientific exploitation of the theory of the Austrian man. Just as it happened
to us in our history 700 or 800 years ago with Switzerland which, although it
still speaks the German language today, does not consider itself inwardly as
belonging to Germany; or as we had to suffer the loss of Holland with its entire
lower German territory a few centuries ago; the attempt is now being made to
point at this problem of the South-East German people, of the Austrian people,
with propaganda, by scientific under running and scientific work at the
universities, until spiritual separation is also possible. We are furthermore
interested: Which German professors support this theory or are connected with
any wire-pulling abroad or elsewhere?
These are spheres
which interest us. To us as a security service it is of no interest whether, for
instance, the, cell organization of the German Communist party at Berlin-
Wedding has been broken up or not. This is a question for the executive power.
One day it will be broken up, or it is broken up already, and if it is
reorganized, it will be broken up again. Therefore, this is of no interest to
us, on account of that Germany will not perish. We are interested: What are the
Communists’ large-scale plans for the next years, in which country do they
intend to begin, which influences of Bolshevism are noticeable in foreign
Freemasonry circles, what are their plans, where do the big emissaries go now?
Recently, e. g. 800 emissaries went to Austria. They arrived there 3 or 4 months
ago, and now we are extremely interested to know: How is this going to affect
Austria? Or what plans do they have, what great organizational plans for
Germany, from which angle do they start, how does Bolshevism make common cause,
for instance, with the religious coalition [Bekenntnisfront], and suddenly
supports as an atheist movement these religious parsons, how is that possible
all of a sudden? Or we are furthermore interested in this: What economic
influence do the Jews exercise-again considered on a large scale-to suffocate
business, to commit sabotage and to transfer foreign currency illegally? These
are things which are being studied there scientifically and-in this case the
word really fits-by a general staff, which may sometimes last for years, tasks
which in many or in most cases are only in the beginning stage. After the
Security Service follows the last pillar, the race-and settlement organization.
We thus have the General SS, which represents the majority of the SS, of the
order, the Verfügungs Troops with a certain task in the country for the
protection of the interior, the Security Service, the intelligence service of
the party and the state, and finally the race-and settlement organization whose
task of ideological training is of a positive nature, as contracted [sic] with
the Security Service which has the negative task to seek information about the
opponent. In this race-and settlement office the marriage applications are being
handled. In the last 4 or 5 years we have the order concerning marriages: No SS
men can get married without the approval of the SS
Reich leader. A
physical examination of the bride and guarantees for the bride’s ideological and
human character are required. We are not interested whether the woman has a
fortune or not. We request only a statement whether or not she has defects, we
prefer it if the rich girls take along only what they have earned themselves, or
their dowry. In addition, the genealogical table up to 1750 is required, the
hereditary physical report of both, and several police and other reports. This
results in tremendous work, especially now that people are getting married in an
unusually great number; because it is our concern, that our men get married. We
desire that they get married at 26 years, if possible, so that there will be
really young marriages which are also able to have children.
THE POLICE
I now turn to the
Police and its structure. Today the Police is divided into two branches, namely
civil and security police; the civil police wear a uniform. The security police
is composed of the criminal police and of the Secret State Police [Gestapo]. We
can certainly state without exaggeration that in 1933 we took over a wild
confusion, a Police the decent elements of which were humiliated; for the sword
had been taken away from the officers and a rubber truncheon had been given to
the men. The police were permeated by persons with criminal records and by
absolute Marxists; it did not dare to actually take a stand against any crime
because at once the League for Human Rights, the Peace Society and similar
societies intervened, and because absolute glorification of crime was in vogue.
This was the method of planned intellectual Bolshevization.
In Prussia, Goering
took over the Police, put the uniformed police in order, and created a
Landespolizei (gendarmerie) which in 1935-1936 was absorbed by the army; the
same occurred in Bavaria. From my SS position, I first of all concerned myself
only with the Secret State Police, with the political Police of the countries
and with the Secret State Police in Prussia. Through the fact that I personally
was political police commander of all German countries, and at the same time
deputy of the Gestapo in Prussia, the Gestapo gradually came under the control
of one person.
I may skip the
whole further development. On the 17th of June of the previous year, I became
head of the German police, that is, of all the German Police together with its
auxiliary organizations. I shall review for you my conception of my task as I
have seen and still see it.
First: I shall
ultimately form one true Reich police out of these 16 different gendarmeries,
for the Reich police is one of the strongest binding elements that a state can
have. We now have for the first time in German history a Reich Police.
Outwardly, I am eliminating the various uniforms, the laws and regulations which
were still in force until six or nine months ago. When a Hamburg police official
was pursuing a criminal who was bold enough to go into Prussian territory, he
could not pursue him farther without the consent of the Prussian Police. This
naturally was to the great advantage of the criminal, for he could very easily
escape. The same was the case between the other states of the federation. These
things were still on such a firm legal basis that one could not do away with
them without legal revision.
For the creation of
the Reich police, not only outwardly but also inwardly, I have already made a
beginning in the officers’ corps and with the officials, by shifting the people
somewhat, through transfers, etc., in this way showing Germany to them; thus, my
dear Bavarians may come North for a change, and the people from the North go
South. If that is not done, they all groan a little about it at first, as was
the case with the SS a few years ago. Now a telegram arrives suddenly, the man
is to be at his new post in two days. Transfers are affected on principle only
by telegram, that keeps people young and fresh. As stated, this is only the
beginning of our work with the Reich police.
The effective
strength of officers and men is very low. That is quite understandable, for the
police has given up much of its good or even best personnel for setting up the
Landespolizei. The Landespolizei was absorbed by the Wehrmacht, and what is left
in many places is the poorest not only of equipment, trucks, autos and other
things, but sometimes the poorest of officers and men. All of this must now be
painfully built up and brought into order. As far as I can, I am now bringing
the police up to full strength with men leaving the Verfügungstruppe (reserve
unit) and the Death Head Units; I am bringing the police officers’ corps up to
full strength with SS leaders who come into the police from the Tolz and
Brunswick Führerschulen [Leader Training schools] by way of the
Verfügungstruppe. This brings me to an important problem; I am fighting to
prevent the police officers’ corps from becoming a second-class officers’ corps.
This happens very easily just as it did in the past.
THE INTERNAL
SECURITY DUTIES OF THE POLICE IN WARTIME
In connection with
this whole matter, I now come to the main problem: internal security and
obligations of the police during war. In a future war we shall have not only an
army front on land, a navy front at sea, and an air force front in the air over
Germany, but we shall also have a fourth theatre of war, namely internal
Germany. This is the basis which must be kept sound, at all costs, lest the
three combat branches of Germany be stabbed in the back again.
We must clearly
recognize that an opponent in war is an opponent not only in a military but also
in an ideological sense. When I speak here of opponents, I obviously mean our
natural opponent, international Bolshevism, under Jewish-Masonic leadership.
This Bolshevism, of course, has its supreme citadel in Russia. But this does not
mean that there is danger of Bolshevist attack from Russia only. One must always
reckon with this danger from wherever this Jewish Bolshevism has gained decisive
influence for itself. The states or people under Jewish-Masonic-Bolshevist
leadership, or at least strong influence, will of necessity be unfriendly toward
Germany and will constitute a danger. Thus, we must constantly ask ourselves,
"Who is, or would be an opponent in case of war? Who is an ideological opponent,
that is, who is under Jewish-Masonic-Bolshevist influence"? We must clearly
realize, that Bolshevism is the organization of the sub-humans, it is the
absolute foundation of Jewish sovereignty, it is the exact contrary of all that
is. It is a diabolical teaching, for it appeals to the meanest and lowest
instincts of mankind and makes a religion of this. Do not be deceived:
Bolshevism, with its Lenin entombed in the Kremlin, will take only a few decades
to become the diabolical religion of destruction, a religion native to Asia for
the destruction of the whole world. (Furthermore, remember that this Bolshevism
is working according to plan for the Bolshevization of other peoples, and the
destruction is aimed at the white race. One of the first institutions founded
under Jewish leadership, as early as 1918, was an Asiatic university as I shall
call it. It has a kind of department for each Asiatic population, whether
numerous or not. The functionaries for these populations are instructed not only
in their language, but also as to the customs, as to the religious and class
quarrels, and the economic circumstances, etc. They are instructed whether these
people are mostly rich or poor, whether the poorer class is particularly
oppressed, etc. All of this is studied down to the smallest sects. The people
who have finished their education there, then go out in a constant stream to all
of these people and exploit their wishes and longings as their religious
differences and their fanaticism, taking advantage of social misery, to draw
them into a whirlpool and thus gradually convince them that the only ones who
can really help them are the people in Moscow.
This general
movement is also directed against the white race, and is today directed
primarily against resurrected Germany, which was generally considered to have
been ruined, because of having been subdued. If we wish to be immune to the
poison of destruction in our people, our lives must again be founded on social
wellbeing, order and cleanliness. We are in the process of creating both. The
first four years have passed; unemployment has almost vanished, much has been
accomplished, much more remains to be done by us. But the most important thing
is the thorough ideological permeation of all our people with the profound
realization that our people, a minority of 70 million in the heart of Europe,
could stand only because we are qualitatively more valuable than the others. And
this brings me back to what I said about the race question at the beginning.
We are more
valuable than the others who do now and always will surpass us in numbers. We
are more valuable because our blood enables us to invent more than others, to
lead our people better than the others; because it enables us to have better
soldiers, better statesmen, higher culture, better characters. We also have
better quality, speaking of your profession, because the German soldier is more
devoted to duty, more decent, and more intelligent than the soldiers of other
countries. And we shall maintain this quality as long as we keep our blood and
people healthy, so long as this people recognizes and obeys the ancient laws for
preservation of a people which National Socialism, thanks to Adolf Hitler,
restored to it. We shall remain healthy and immune as long as we do not slide
back into democracy, into a hereditary or legitimate imperialism which did not
develop from the people. Let us realize clearly that we shall weather the next
decades only if we are a people that has a profound conviction of itself,
believes in its own strength, and proves this strength.
I spoke of the
ideological permeation of the whole people in case of war. If this war should
come sooner than any of us believe or wish, that is, if war will come at all, we
must clearly realize that there will always be a residue among the German people
who will form a nucleus for the Comintern. The Comintern have an easy time of
it, for they have a political agitator and at the same time a military spy who
sells. Every communist is also a military spy who reveals any military and
industrial secret out of loyalty to his imaginary fatherland, Moscow, the native
land of the proletarians. Because of his conviction, he engages in political
agitation and sedition in exactly the same way in order to start the revolution.
The sooner war would come, the greater would be the danger. The later it comes,
the more generations of youth have grown up, year after year, the less is the
danger. The danger would arise again only if the German people would deviate
from today’s path. In any case, we must prepare for this danger, for this
internal theatre of war, and always realize clearly that any war brought about
by neglect of this internal theatre of war would lead to damage.
I picture the scope
of obligations in case of war as follows: The police of course would, according
to their duty as I see it, be able to give up a maximum of 15,000 to 20,000 men
(not more) to the Wehrmacht as soldiers. I have a total of 80,000 to 90,000
uniformed police. It must be taken into consideration that a large part of this
uniformed police is over or at least over 40, so that if I should give up 15,000
to 20,000, I really would give up the backbone of this police. I can substitute
men over 56 or 60 whom I may reactivate. That could be done if unavoidable.
However, it is possible only if I assure myself of an attack unit
[Einsatztruppe] which I can use for large scale projects. These are the Death
Head Units. By and large, I can get along with this old Police force. I can
carry out all the former tasks of the Landsturm, i.e., guarding munitions
factories, railroad crossings, etc., with civilians over 45, who would be
drafted as auxiliary police as planned provided, I have as a backbone a troop
that is young. For this the Death Head Units are provided, ranging in age from
25 to 3 5, not older and not younger.
I do not wish to
have any very young nor any old persons, for the sabotage and terror troops
consist of young, very lively persons with the most modern equipment. This
opponent cannot be fought with old Landsturm personnel. The Death Head Units
will enter every government district of Germany. The following measures have
been provided: firstly, no unit is to go to its native province, thus a
Pomeranian troop would never serve in Pomerania. Secondly, each unit will change
after three months. Thirdly, the unit will never be assigned to street duty
singly. An individual with the death head insignia will never be used as a
policeman for street service, that must not be. Fourth, if such use is made
relentless measures are to be taken. Anything else is out of the question.
Otherwise, we would have to reckon in Germany with such possibilities as
parachute jumps, use of saboteurs, use of bold groups of 16 or 20 men who might,
with the support of Communist personnel, entrench themselves in a munitions
factory. If these measures are not provided for one could not get along with
such limited personnel.
CONCLUSION
In closing, I may
say one thing: I can manage with the officers’ corps of the civil police and
with the men of the Security Service, whom I naturally cannot release even in
war, and with the men and leaders of the Death Head Units, only if I have
valuable and decent people in them. I must make it possible by way of the
Verfügungstruppe which will be in combat, to have a constant exchange of wounded
or those who have been at the front a long time, in return for officers and men
of the police and the Death Head Units. Otherwise, I either would get no decent
characters for these home formations, and then obviously could not fulfil the
obligations; or else there would appear in the home formations manifestations of
disturbances as happened with the fleet during the war, because it didn’t get
out. This must be avoided, and for this reason rotation is planned within the
organization. Every SS leader of the Verfügungstruppe, we have about 300 SS
leaders yearly coming from the Tölz and Brunswick SS schools, is placed with the
civil police once every half year, in order to become a reserve officer of the
police. I can make good use of these people. If, for instance, one of them is
wounded and has only one arm, he can still render excellent service at home. An
appreciation of this completely new kind of organization must penetrate
everywhere, as well as an understanding of this internal theatre of war which
will mean the difference between the existence or nonexistence of our people if
we ever would have to stand a trial. It is the obligation of the SS and of the
police to solve positively the problem of internal security. That is the
assignment given to us by the Fuehrer. We are tackling it in all seriousness and
are really convinced that it is no second-rate task, and we are further
convinced that only the best ideological training of our men and a racial
selection will enable us to solve this problem someday.
In this short
outline I have depicted for you the task of the SS and police. Just as I do in
every address to Wehrmacht officers, I ask you in your circle to think
yourselves into these somewhat novel channels of thought, and create
understanding for it wherever you can. Let us all clearly realize, the next
decades do not signify any foreign political argument which Germany either can
or cannot overcome, but they signify a fight of extermination of the
above-mentioned subhuman opponents in the whole world who fight Germany, as the
nuclear people of the Northern race, Germany as nucleus of the German people,
Germany as bearer of the culture of mankind; they signify the existence or
nonexistence of the white race of which we are the leading people. We have, of
course, one conviction: we are lucky enough to be alive just at the time when
once in 2,000 years an Adolf Hitler has been born, and we are convinced that we
shall survive every danger in both good and bad times because we all hold
together and because each one approaches his work with his conviction.
